A principle, referred to as the equation of conservation, describes how the velocity of a substance changes as it progresses through a channel. Essentially, it declares that for an incompressible liquid, the mass flow rate persists uniform along a pathway . Mathematically, this is expressed as A₁V₁

The field of genetic modification employs a variety of delivery vehicles to introduce transformed genetic material into target cells. These systems play a vital role in enabling specific gene editing and manipulation. Some common categories of delivery vehicles include viral vectors, liposomes, and